據能源世界網6月9日巴黎報道，根據兩個政府間機構聯合報告稱，盡管有氣候危機，但全球各國政府在2019年向化石燃料提供了將近5000億美元的補貼。

根據國際能源署（IEA）的數據顯示，與2018年相比，僅礦物燃料消耗的補貼減少了1200億美元，降幅為27％，這主要是由于石油和天然氣價格下降。

大力支持使用石油和天然氣的政府包括沙特、中國、俄羅斯、印度尼西亞、埃及、印度等。

與此同時，經濟合作與發展組織（OECD）報告稱，在2019年對44個富裕和新興經濟體的化石燃料生產補貼（以現金，稅收減免和其他信貸的形式）增加了38％，達到550億美元。

IEA和OECD在上周末發表的聯合聲明中表示，去年，77個經濟體的消費和生產補貼合計達4,780億美元，同比下降18％。

OECD環境績效和信息部門負責人納塔莉·吉魯亞德（Nathalie Girouard）告訴法新社稱，補貼的財政負擔意味著更少的資源可能用于其他公共資金，無論是用于清潔能源研究、創新還是加強社會安全網。

燃燒石油，天然氣和煤炭-占全球初級能源使用的80％以上-是導致全球變暖的溫室氣體的主要來源。

各國政府早就認識到有必要停止支撐化石燃料的生產和使用。

早在2009年，負責二氧化碳排放80%的G20國家就承諾逐步取消化石燃料補貼。

但是，到目前為止，他們還沒有兌現這一承諾。

OECD秘書長古里亞(Angel Gurria)在一份聲明中表示，我很遺憾看到在逐步取消化石燃料支持的努力上出現一些倒退。對化石燃料進行補貼是對公共資金的低效使用，并加劇了溫室氣體排放和空氣污染。

千載難逢的機會-商業領袖們還指出，有必要停止為石油，天然氣及其衍生物的生產和使用提供資金支持。

去年12月，管理著超過37萬億$資產的631家機構投資者批準了巴黎氣候條約(Paris Climate Treaty)將全球變暖限制在兩攝氏度的目標，并呼吁各國政府“在規定的期限內逐步取消化石燃料補貼”。

IEA執行董事法蒂希比羅爾(FatihBirol)表示，隨著2020年上半年因疫情封鎖導致石油、天然氣和煤炭價格下跌，政府需要支持其處境最不利的公民的能源需求，同時將釋放出來的資金投入到更綠色的經濟中。今天的化石燃料價格低廉為各國提供了逐步淘汰消費補貼的絕好機會。必須避免促使污染和低效技術的市場扭曲。

根據能源與清潔空氣研究中心的數據，燃燒化石燃料每年導致約450萬人過早死亡。

IEA能源分析師Wataru Matsumura和Zakia Adam去年在博客中寫道，許多補貼的針對性很差，不成比例地使使用更多補貼燃料的富裕人口受益。這種無針對性的補貼政策會鼓勵浪費性消費，推高排放量，并使政府預算緊張。

郝芬 譯自 能源世界網

原文如下:

2019 fossil fuel subsidies nearly $500 bn: OECD/IEA

Climate crisis notwithstanding, governments subsidised fossil fuels in 2019 to the tune of nearly half-a-trillion dollars, two intergovernmental agencies have jointly reported.

Subsidies for fossil fuel consumption alone declined $120 billion, or 27 percent, compared to 2018 due mainly to lower oil and gas prices, according to International Energy Agency (IEA) figures.

Governments that heavily support the use of oil and gas includeSaudi Arabia, China, Russia, Indonesia, Egypt, India etc..

At the same time, subsidies for fossil fuel production -- in the form of cash, tax breaks and other credits -- increased across 44 rich and emerging economies in 2019 by 38 percent to $55 billion, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) reported.

Combined subsidies for both consumption and production last year totalled $478 billion in 77 economies, an 18 percent drop compared to the year before, the IEA and OECD said in a joint statement, released at the end of last week.

"The fiscal burden of subsidies means that fewer resources can be potentially devoted to other public funding, be it for clean-energy research, innovation or to strengthen social safety nets," Nathalie Girouard, head of the OECD's environmental performance and information division, told AFP.

Burning oil, gas and coal -- which account for more than 80 percent of global primary energy use -- is the main source of the greenhouse gases that drive global warming.

Governments have long recognised the need to stop propping up fossil fuel production and use.

As early as 2009, G20 nations responsible for 80 percent of CO2 emissions pledged to gradually eliminate fossil fuel subsidies.

So far, however, they have failed to deliver on that promise.

"I am saddened to see some backsliding on efforts to phase out fossil fuel support," OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurria said in a statement.

"Subsidising fossil fuels is an inefficient use of public money and serves to worsen greenhouse emissions and air pollution."

- 'Golden opportunity' - Business leaders have also flagged the need to stop bankrolling the production and use of oil, gas and their derivatives.

In December, 631 institutional investors managing more than $37 trillion in assets endorsed the Paris climate treaty goal of capping global warming at two degrees Celsius and called on governments to "phase out fossil fuel subsidies by set deadlines".

With oil, gas and coal prices dropping through the floor due to COVID lockdowns in the first part of 2020, governments need to support the energy needs of their least advantaged citizens while channelling the money freed up into a greener economy, said IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol.

"Today's low fossil fuel prices offer countries a golden opportunity to phase out consumption subsidies," he said.

"It is essential to avoid market distortions that favour polluting and inefficient technologies."

Burning fossil fuels causes some 4.5 million premature deaths each year, according to the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air.

"Many subsidies are poorly targeted, disproportionally benefiting wealthier segments of the population that use much more of the subsidised fuel," IEA energy analysts Wataru Matsumura and Zakia Adam wrote in a blog last year.

"Such untargeted subsidy policies encourage wasteful consumption, pushing up emissions and straining government budgets."